The formation of correct posture in children is largely dependent on the environment. The duty of parents, and employees of preschools and schools is to follow the correct position of children in standing, sitting and walking, and use exercises that develop mainly the muscles of the back, the legs and the abdomen. This is to ensure that the child has developed the natural muscular corset.
On the spine and its changes
The vertebral column (spine) is an important part of the axial skeleton and consists of 33-34 vertebrae, which are connected by ligaments and joints.
In the womb of a baby's spine is seen as a uniform arc. When a child of the light, which straightens the spine and becomes almost in a straight line. From the moment of birth begins to form posture. With the ability to keep the head in a raised position, the cervical spine of the baby occurs gradually bending forward, called cervical lordosis. If the time came when the child already knows how to sit, thoracic spine is also in the form of bending, only front to back (kyphosis). But if the child starts to walk, the lumbar with a slight curve with the convexity facing forward. This lordosis lumbar. Therefore, it is important to follow the correct formation of a child and his posture.
About the posture and its violations
The posture is the ability of the individual to keep their body in different positions. Is right and what is wrong.
The position is correct when the relaxed standing person, being in position as usual, has the extra active stress and keeps your head and body straight. In addition, it has a easy to walk, slightly lowered and relaxed shoulders forward, face to chest, tight stomach and her legs straight in the knees.
Bad posture of the person is not able to keep correctly your body, therefore, as a general rule, the stops and moves on the ground, legs bent, shoulders and head, and the thrusting of the abdomen. In this posture interferes with the normal functioning of internal organs.
Various violations of posture, whether slouching, lordosis, kyphosis or scoliosis (curvature side of the spine) is very common in children of preschool and school ages. The majority are children or physically impaired, or suffering from some chronic disease, or who have already suffered from a heavy disease in the first childhood.
The prevention of postural disorders
The prevention of any disorders related to the posture, must be comprehensive and be based on the following principles.
An adequate nutrition.
The continuous development of the body of the child over the needs of growth of the utility of nutrients. The diet should be full and varied, as this depends on the correct will be the development of the muscles and the bones.
The locomotor activity.
Very important for the health of the children of the posture of the exercise, various sports (especially skiing and swimming), gymnastics, and tourism, active outdoor games, etc. You must be aware that physical development should not force the child to make loud and fast loads.
Correct mode of the day.
To avoid problems with posture not only need to arrange the correct mode of the day (walking, sleeping, waking, feeding, etc.), but strictly observe it, without making any exception, for example, on the weekends.
Comfortable children's room.
- The room should have good lighting. An extra Desk lamp has to be equipped with the children of the Desktop.
- The height of the tables should match the height of the child. There are also special tables that are designed to correct the posture of the student.
- The chair should repeat the curves of the body. However, instead of this orthopedic chair can be placed behind your back, at the level of the lumbar pad in addition to the usual chair. The height of the chair should ideally be equal to the height of the bottom of the leg. Use a footrest, if you don't reach the floor.
- The child should sit so that his back rested on the chair back, and head slightly bent forward, and between the body and the table easily held one hand over the edge. When you make it impossible to get your legs under yourself, as this can cause curvature of the spine and circulatory problems.
- In the nursery beds should be smooth and firm mattress. With this type the child's weight is distributed evenly and the muscles how to relax after the vertical position of the trunk throughout the day. Do not let the baby sleep on soft surfaces. This causes the formation of the irregular curves of the spine during sleep. In addition, soft mattress stimulates the heating of the intervertebral discs, which disturbed thermal regulation. With respect to child pad, should be flat and is placed exclusively under my head, and not under the shoulders.
Competent the correction of the shoes.
Correct, accurate and timely selection of shoes for children allows parents to avoid it and even eliminate many of the problems and functional shortening of the limb, resulting from poor posture or compensation of defects of feet (clubfoot, flat feet).
Uniform distribution of the load.
It is known that most often in school age, when children experience a rapid growth of bone and muscle mass, which, unfortunately, acquired a curvature of the spine. This happens for the reason that at this age the child of the spine is not adapted to heavy loads. Parents should try not to overload the child when gate rucksack, backpack or suitcase. It must be remembered that the standard of weight that is allowed to raise the child, is 10% of the total body mass.
Back to school backpack must be flat and solid, its width should not be more width of the shoulders. Also the pack should not hang below the belt and straps must be soft and wide adjustable in length. It is unacceptable that over long periods of time carrying heavy bags on one shoulder, which is especially important for girls. In this case, the curvature of the spine may be inevitable.
As for the right of carrying heavy loads, it is known that the read, to catch up with the weight and the lift is a huge burden on the spine and you can't do that. Correct would be to sit down first with a flat again, then pressed against his chest, lifting and transport. And as advice for parents: even if you do not follow this rule, and teach it to your child.
The formation of the correct posture
To stimulate the growth and development of the muscles of the child can safely start from the moment of his birth. Thus, its growth and strength will develop faster. For infants, a great help in the this is the massage (by prescription).
The child at the age of 2-3 months, you can start doing exercise to workout the muscle groups responsible for holding the body in the correct position. Enough to be with her palms to raise a child, passing from the position of "lying" in the "position", and after time to keep it in the air. In this position the muscles and joints of the baby are to move, the training of all muscle groups.
After 1.5 years in the form of a game with a child, you can begin to do gymnastics. Together we can "cut the wood", "cat" arch in the back, "for the water pump to" walk on the route of the lines, as the rope, rolling on the ground, to pass the obstacle, etc. you Can ask your child to draw a bird: lying on your stomach, "spread the wings" (arms to sides) and hold the ankles of the feet.
The posture of the child is formed before puberty. All this time, you have to follow their training. If a child already, there was a clear violation, until that this period can be corrected. The child should regularly visit the podiatrist while in the account and go through all of the available types of treatment. This can be a therapeutic exercise, swimming, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, and surgical treatment (according to indications).
Useful exercises
For the formation of correct posture in children and prevent violations during the lessons of morning gymnastics, physical culture and during these moments at home and, mainly, in preschool and school institutions can use a variety of useful exercises. The following are examples of this type of exercises.
- A child stands on one foot or walking a balance beam.
- Holding back the Hoop, the child does tilt to the side.
- Holding the stick, the child crouches, standing on his toes.
- Spreading his arms in hand, the child does move backward.
- With the feet separated and the celebration of a stick, baby, giving, doing forward bends.
- The child lifts the legs up, lying on his back.
- A child crawls on all four.
- The child, while maintaining correct posture, walking, holding any load on the head.
- Hands down the child holds the stick at the ends, and raises his hands, bringing the stick behind his back, and then alternates between the slopes of the left and the right.
- Using the horizontal bar or wall bars, the child, firmly clutching the bar, it flexes the foot at a right angle and is in this position for a few seconds.
- Being in position "feet together, arms down", the child pulls his right leg back, and throws his hands out to the side and freezes, then repeats the exercise with the left leg.
- Lying on the back, the boy with the feet "family" or represents "scissors".
- Lying on the belly, the child lifted knees bent feet, grabs the ankle with his hands and begins to rock like a ship on the waves.
- Standing in front of the mirror, the child, alternating, first breaks, and then corrects your posture.
- The child turns to the wall of the five points (head, back, buttocks, calves and heels). These points are the basic curves of our body to outside, and normally must be in contact with the wall. Then, it performs various movements, for example squats or raising the legs and hands, in addition, to force the muscles an average of 5 seconds.
Conclusion
Dear parents, to remember and tell the child to "Sit up straight" of course, but that's still not enough. Begin to worry for the health of their children "from the cradle" and make sure to find time to practice with them. An important moment in the formation of a correct posture of the child is a personal example. Do the exercises with your child, keep your back straight and healthy!